A Beginner's Guide kune 7 Common Flow Meter uye Mazano ekusarudza

Kuyerera kweyero haingori ruzivo rwehunyanzvi; ndiko kufambisa kwemaitiro emaindasitiri, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza, huchokwadi, uye kuchengetedza mutengo. Nemhando dzinopfuura zana dzeflow meterskufashama pamusika nhasi, kusarudza imwe ine yakanakisa kuita-kune-mutengo reshiyo kunogona kunzwa kuremerwa. Gwaro iri rinoongorora mawonero akakosha pakuyerera chiridzwa, chichikubatsira kufamba nesarudzo uine chivimbo. Kunyangwe iwe uri mainjiniya anokwenenzvera pombi kana maneja bhajeti rekusimudzira, ngatinyure mune zvakakosha zvemhando dzemamita ekuyerera, masimba avo, uye matipi anoshanda ekusarudza.

Kunzwisisa Kuyerera Mamita: Sei Vachikosha muIndasitiri Automation

Flowrateisibwe rekona parameter mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, kudzora zvese kubva kumakemikari kuita kune kugovera simba. Mumakore ekuma1970, tekinoroji yekudzvinyirirwa yakabata chikamu che80% chemusika, asi hutsva hwakabva hwaunza sarudzo dzakangwara uye dzakasiyana. Nhasi,kusarudza kuyereramitainosanganisirakuenzanisa zvinhu zvakaita semhando yemvura, mamiriro ekushanda, kurongeka kwezvinodiwa, uye bhajeti. Kubva pakutumira masisitimu munzvimbo dzakaomarara, senge maregi emafuta ekumahombekombe kana dzimba dzekuchenesa mishonga, kiyi iri kufananidza hunhu hwemamita kune yako chaiyo application kudzivirira kudzika uye kuverenga kusiri iko.

Iyi posvo inoongorora zvikamu zvinomwe zvakakura zvemamita ekuyerera anowanzo shandiswa muindasitiri, zvichiratidza maitiro avo, zvakanakira, zvakaipira, uye mashandisiro mumhando dzeminda. Ingo tevera kuti ugone matekiniki akatsanangurwa ekusarudza kuyerera mita!

1. Differential Pressure Flow Meters: The Reliable Workhorse

Differential pressurekuyerwazvinosaraiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kuyerera tekinoroji, inokwanisa kubata imwe-chikamu zvinwiwa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidza. Mumazuva ayo ma1970, yakabata 80% yemusika nechikonzero chakanaka. Mamita aya anowanzo kuve nemudziyo wekupuruzira (senge plate ye orifice, nozzle, Pitot chubhu, kana avhareji yePitot chubhu) yakapetwa nemuchina.

Iyo throttling mudziyo inomisikidza kuyerera kwemvura, ichigadzira mutsauko wekumanikidza kumusoro nekudzika kwerwizi iyo inoenzana nechiyero chekuyerera. Orifice mahwendefa ndiwo ekuenda-kusarudzo nekuda kwekureruka kwawo uye nyore kuisa. Chero bedzi ivo vachigadzirwa uye kuiswa pachiyero (funga ISO 5167), vanoendesa zviyero zvakavimbika vasingade chaiyo-yekuyerera calibration asi kungo tarisa nekukurumidza.

Izvo zvakati, zvese zvigadziriso zvinounza kurasikirwa kwekusingaperi kudzvinyirira. Iyo inopinza-yakapinza orifice ndiro inogona kurasikirwa ne25-40% yehukuru hwakasiyana hwekumanikidza, iyo inowedzera mumutengo wesimba wekushanda kwakakura. Pitot machubhu, kune rumwe rutivi, ane kurasikirwa kusingakoshi asi anonzwa shanduko mukuyerera kweprofile, zvichipihwa kuti mhirizhonga inogona kukanganisa kuverenga kwavo.

Muchirimwa chepetrochemical, vashandisi vakachinjanisa mahwendefa ekare eVenturi machubhu kuti aderedze kudonha, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwe15% mukushandiswa kwesimba repombi. Naizvozvo, kana uchibata nemvura ye viscous kana slurries, zvine musoro kufunga avhareji yePitot machubhu kuti ive nani mukuyerera kusina kuenzana. Chakakodzera kutaurwa ndechekuti gara uine shuwa ingangoita gumi-20 pombi madhayamita eyakatwasuka kukwidza kumusoro kuti agadzikane iyo inoyerera mbiri, kana vashandisi vanogona kuvharirwa mukugadzirisa misoro.

2. Variable Area Flow Meters: Simplicity Meets Versatility

Theiconic rotameter inomiririravariable area inoyerera mamita, apo chinoyangarara chinokwira muchubhu yakatsetseka inoenderana nekuyerera. Chimiro chavo chakanyanya? Yakananga, pa-saiti kuverenga pasina simba rekunze, iro rakakwana kukurumidza kutarisa mumunda.

Izvi zvinouya mumhando mbiri huru: girazi chubhu rotameters for ambient, non-corrosive media semhepo, magasi, kana argon, inopa kuoneka kwakajeka uye nyore kuverenga;uyesimbichubhurotametershanduroine magineti zviratidzo zvepamusoro-tembiricha kana yakakwirira-kumanikidza mamiriro. Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kuburitsa masaini masaini ekubatanidzwapamwemarekodhiortotalizers.

Misiyano yemazuva ano inosanganisira chitubu-chakaremerwa conical dhizaini isina makamuri econdensate, ichizvikudza 100: 1 turndown chiyero uye mutsara kubuda, yakanakira kuyerwa kwemhepo.

Kana tichitaura nezvemashandisirwo akafara, akawanda ma rotameter anosarudzwa kuti aiswe mumarabhoritari ekugadzirisa gasi, izvo zvinochengetedza mutengo wewaya nekuda kwezvisina-simba zvinodiwa. Asi kutarisa kune kudengenyeka, ma rotameters anogona kukonzera float jitter uye kuverenga kwenhema. Mukukwidziridzwa kwedoro, semuenzaniso, simbi chubhu modhi inobata inopisa wort inoyerera, ichiwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi zvakapetwa katatu, nepo magirasi ehondo ane PTFE linings isarudzo-inoshamwaridzika bhajeti, asi vashandisi vanofanirwa kuigadzirisa gore negore kuchengetedza 1-2% chokwadi.

3. Vortex Flow Meters: Oscillation for Precision

Vortex mamita, muenzaniso wepamusoro wemhando dze oscillatory, isa bluff muviri munzira yekuyerera, ichigadzira alternating vortices ayo frequency anowirirana nevelocity. Hapana zvikamu zvinofamba zvinoreva zvakanakisa kudzokorora, hupenyu hurefu, uye kushoma kugadzirisa.

Kubata zvakanakira senge yakafara mutsara mutsara, kusadzivirirwa kune tembiricha, kudzvanywa, density, kana viscosity shanduko, kuderera kwekumanikidzwa kurasikirwa, uye yakanyanya kurongeka (0.5-1%), iyo vortex inoyerera metres inobata kusvika 300 ° C uye 30 MPa, ichiita kuti igone kuenderana nemagasi, zvinwiwa, uye chiutsi.

Iyo nzira yekunzwa mu vortex kuyerera mita inosiyana nepakati: piezoelectric sensors yakanakira chiutsi, thermal kana ultrasonic sensors inoenderana nemhepo, uye dzinenge dzese sarudzo dzekunzwa dzinoshanda kumvura. Zvakafanana nemaplateti orifice, kuyerera kwekofiri inotarwa nehukuru hwemamita.

Muchirongwa chepombi yegasi rechisikigo, ma vortex metres anopfuura maturbines mukuyerera, achidzikisa zvikanganiso kubva pa5% kusvika pasi pe1%. Ivo vanonzwa nekumisikidzwa, iyo inovimbisa kumhanya kwakatwasuka uye inodzivirira padhuze nemavharuvhu. Kana zvasvika kune ari kubuda maitiro, isina waya vortex metres ine hupenyu hwebhatiri kusvika kumakore gumi kumasaiti ari kure.

4. Electromagnetic Flow Meters: Conductive Fluids 'Best Friend

Electromagnetic metres, kana kuti mag metres, inoshandisa mutemo waFaraday, uyo unoenda seizvi: mvura inoyerera ichicheka nepakati pemagineti inoita kuti magetsi aenzane nekuyerera. Inongorambidzwa kune conductive media, mamita aya haabatwe nekushisa, kudzvanywa, density, kana viscosity-inoretically, zvirinani-ine 100: 1 turndown uye 0.5% kunyatsoita. Saizi yepombi inotangira pa2mm kusvika 3m, inokodzera mvura, slurries, pulp, kana corrosives.

Electromagnetic flow mita inoburitsa masaini asina simba (2.5-8 mV pachiyero chakazara), saka kugadzira kwakaringana kudzivirira uye kudzika pasi kwakakosha kudzivirira kukanganiswa nemamotor.

Electromagnetic flow metres inokwenenzvera muzvidyarwa zvekuchenesa mvura yetsvina, ichiyera zvakavimbika zvinwiwa zvine tsvina senge slurries pasina kuvhara. Kusiyana nemamita emagetsi, mag metres haana zvikamu zvinofamba. Kune zvinwiwa zvinoparadza, senge acidic tsvina, kukwidziridza kuPFA-lined mag metres kunogona kudzikisa zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza neanosvika makumi mashanu% sekuonekwa kwechirimwa chazvino. Pamusoro pezvo, bhatiri-powered mag metres ari kuwana traction kune kure kure metering yemvura, ichipa kuchinjika munzvimbo dzekunze-grid uku uchichengetedza kuvimbika kwakafanana.

5. Ultrasonic Flow Meters: Non-Intrusive Innovation

Ultrasonic kuyereramamitauyamumhando mbiri dzekutanga: Doppler uye nguva-yekubhururuka (TOF).Dopplermamitachiyerokuyerera nekuona mafambiro ekuchinja kubva pazvimedu zvakaturikwa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanakira kumhanyisa-mhanya, zvinwiwa zvine tsvina senge slurries, asi zvisinganyanyi kushanda pakumhanya kwakaderera kana hutsinye hwepombi.

TOF metres, iyo inoverengera kuyerera zvichibva pamusiyano wenguva yemafungu e ultrasonic anofamba nawo uye achipesana nekuyerera, anokunda mukuchenesa, zvinwiwa yunifomu semvura, zvinoda chaiwo emagetsi kuti anyatsoita. Multi-beam TOF dhizaini inosimudzira mashandiro mumhirizhonga inoyerera, ichipa kuvimbika kwakanyanya mumasisitimu akaomarara.

Mune inotonhorera yemvura system retrofit, clamp-pa TOF ultrasonic metres yakachengetedza zviuru nekubvisa kudiwa kwekudimbura pombi kana kuvharwa, kuwana 1% chokwadi nekuenzanisa kwakaringana. Nekudaro, mabhuru emhepo kana mapombi ekuputira anogona kukanganisa kuverenga, saka kunyatsoongorora saiti kwakakosha. Kuongororwa kwemumunda, inotakurika ultrasonic units yakakosha, ichipa nekukurumidza diagnostics pasina system downtime.

6. Turbine Flow Meters: Kukurumidza uye Kururama Mukufamba

Turbine kuyereramamita shandapamusimboti wekuchengetedza kukurumidza, uko kuyerera kwemvura kunotenderera rotor, uye kumhanya kwerotor kunoenderana zvakananga nekuyerera. Mamita aya anotonga mumashandisirwo anoda kurongeka kwepamusoro, ane gasi-chaiwo magadzirirwo ane makona madiki eblade uye mamwe mablades kuti akwidzise kushanda mumvura yakadzika-density. Vanopa huchokwadi hunoshamisa (0.2-0.5%, kana 0.1% muzviitiko zvakakosha), 10: 1 turndown ratio, kuderera kwekumanikidzwa, uye kushanda kwakasimba pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru, asi zvinoda mvura yakachena uye yakakwana yepombi inomhanya kudzivirira kukanganisa-kukonzera kukanganisa.

Mune aviation mafuta system,turbine kuyereramamitasuredratidza huchokwadi hwekutamiswa kwehusungwa, yakakosha pakubhadharisa chaiko. Madiki akaboora saizi anokwidziridza kunzwisiswa kuhuwandu hwemvura uye viscosity, saka kwakasimba pre-filtration inofanirwa kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvine chekuita nemarara. Magadzirirwo eHybrid ane magineti pickups akavandudza kuvimbika nekudzikisira kupfeka kwemuchina.

7. Positive Displacement Flow Meters: Volumetric Precision

Positive displacement flow meters inoyera kuyerera nekuteya nekubvisa mavhoriyamu emvura yakagadzika nekutenderera kwega kwega, uchishandisa magadzirirwo akaita segiya reoval, rotary piston, kana scraper marudzi. Oval giya metres inopa 20: 1 turndown reshiyo uye yakanyanya kurongeka (kazhinji 0.5% kana zvirinani) asi inotapukirwa nekuputika kubva kumarara mumvura. Rotary piston metres inokunda pakubata mavhoriyamu akakura, kunyangwe dhizaini yavo inogona kubvumira kudonha kushoma, zvichikanganisa kurongeka mune yakaderera-kuyerera mamiriro.

Asina kukanganiswa ne fluid viscosity, PD metres yakanakira zvinwiwa zvakaita seoiri nemvura, asi haina kukodzera magasi kana chiutsi nekuda kwevhoriyamu yavo.

Muchigadzirwa chekugadzira chikafu, PD metres, kunyanya oval giya mhando, dzaive dzakakosha kune chaiyo batch dosing ye viscous syrups, kuve nechokwadi chakaenderana mhando yechigadzirwa. Zvisinei, marara mumasyrup asina kusefa aikonzera dzimwe nguva jamu, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwemasisitimu ekusefa akasimba. Yakachena-mu-nzvimbo (CIP) madhizaini akadzikisa zvakanyanya kuderera nekurerutsa kugadzirisa, mutambo-wekuchinja kune yakakwira-kuburikidza mitsetse.

Kusarudza Iyo Yakakodzera Kuyerera Meter: Nyanzvi Mazano eKubudirira

Kusarudza iyo chaiyo yekuyerera mita kwakakosha pakugadzirisa maindasitiri maitiro, sezvo pasina mita imwe inokodzera chero application. Kuti uite sarudzo ine ruzivo, ongorora zvinhu zvakakosha: zvimisikidzo zvemvura (semu, viscosity, corrosiveness, kana chidimbu chemukati), kuyerera kwemhando (zvishoma uye zvakanyanya mitengo), inodiwa chokwadi (kubva pa0.1% yekuendesa kuchengetedzwa ku2% yekuongororwa kwese), zvipingamupinyi zvekuisa (senge saizi yepombi, saizi yepombi, zvinodikanwa-zvinomhanya, uye kugadzika kwemutengo wekutenga, kuganhurirwa kwesimba, mutengi mari).

Nekuyera zvine huremu zvinhu izvi zvichienderana nezvido zvako zvemaitiro, zvine chekuita nekuyedzwa kwemutyairi kana kubvunzana nevatengesi, unogona kusarudza mita inoyera kuita uye bhajeti.