Magetsi Conductivity Meter: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners

Mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano ekutonga kwemhando, kutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, kugona kunyatso ongorora kuumbwa kwemvura kwakakosha.Electrical conductivity(EC) inomira seyakakosha parameter, ichipa nzwisiso yakakosha mukuzara kweiyo yakanyungudika ionic zvinhu mukati memhinduro. Themagetsi conductivity mita(EC Meter) ndicho chinhu chakakosha chekuongorora chinoshandiswa kuyera ichi chivakwa.

Iri gwara rakazara rakagadzirirwa nyanzvi nevanotangisa zvakafanana, richipa kuparara kwakasimba kweiyo EC mita misimboti, basa, calibration, uye akasiyana mashandisirwo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanotanga vanogona kubatanidza iyi nzira yekuyera ine chivimbo mukufamba kwavo kwekushanda.

Zviri Mukati:

1. Chii chinonzi Electrical Conductivity?

2. Chii chinonzi Electrical Conductivity Meter?

3. Chii Chiri Chekushanda Musimboti weMagetsi Conductivity Meter?

4. Chii chinoyera Magetsi Conductivity Meter?

5. Mhando dzose dzeMagetsi Conductivity Meters

6. Nzira yeCalibrate yeMagetsi Conductivity Meter?

7. Zvakawanda Zvikumbiro zveMagetsi Conductivity Meter

8. Ndeupi Musiyano Pakati peMagetsi Conductivity Meter uye pH Meter?

I. Chii chinonzi Electrical Conductivity?

Electrical conductivity(κ) chiyero chekugona kwechinhu kutumira magetsi. Mumhinduro dzine aqueous, kutapurirana uku kunowanikwa kwete nemaerekitironi akasununguka (semusimbi) asi nekufamba kweiyoni yakanyungudika. Kana munyu, maasidhi, kana mabhesi akanyungudutswa mumvura, anopatsanurwa kuita cations anochajiswa zvakanaka uye anions anopomerwa zvisina kunaka. Aya akachajiswa zvidimbu anogonesa mhinduro kuitisa magetsi.

Kazhinji, conductivity (σ) inotsanangurwa nemasvomhu sekudzokororwa kweresistive (ρ), zvichiratidza kugona kwechinhu kuitisa magetsi (σ = 1/ρ).

Kune mhinduro, iyo conductivity inoenderana zvakananga neiyo ion concentration; zviri nyore,kuwanda kwepamusoro kweiyo nharembozha kunoguma nepamusoro conductivity.

Nepo iyo yakajairwa yepasi rose unit (SI Unit) yekuitisa iri Siemens pamamita (S/m), mune inoshanda maapplicationkufananakuongororwa kwehutano hwemvurauye ongororo yerabhoritari, kukosha kwe micro-Siemens per centimeter (µS/cm) kana milli-Siemens per centimeter (mS/cm)yakawanda uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya.

II. Chii chinonzi Electrical Conductivity Meter?

An magetsi conductivity mitainyanzvi yekuongorora yakagadziridzwa kuyera mafambisirwo emhinduro, iyo inoshanda nekushandisa nzvimbo yemagetsi uye kuenzanisa mhedzisiro inoyerera ikozvino.

Chiridzwa chacho chinowanzo sanganisira matatu makuru anoshanda mayuniti:

1. Sero conductivity (probe/electrode):Iyi ndiyo sensor inobata mhinduro yakanangwa. Iine ma electrode maviri kana anopfuura (kazhinji anogadzirwa neplatinum, graphite, kana simbi isina tsvina) akaparadzaniswa nechinhambwe chakatarwa.

2. Meta unit:Ichi ndicho chikamu chemagetsi chinogadzira iyo excitation voltage (AC) uye inogadzirisa iyo sensor chiratidzo.

3. Tembiricha sensor:Ichi chikamu chinodiwa chinowanzobatanidzwa muprobe kuyera sampuli yekushisa kwekubhadhara kwakarurama.

Iyo EC mita inopa iyo yakakosha data inodiwa pakugadzirisa maitiro uko yakanyungudika solids kutariswa kwakakosha, sekuchenesa mvura uye kugadzira makemikari.

III. Ndeipi iyo Yekushanda Nheyo yeMagetsi Conductivity Meter?

Nheyo yekuyera inotsamira pahukama pakati pekuita uye kuramba, inopindirana neyakagadziriswa geometry. Pano, ngationgororei matanho ekuyera pamwe chete:

1. AC Voltage application:Iyo mita inoshandisa chaiyo, inozivikanwa alternating current (AC) voltage pamaelectrodes maviri ari muprobe, inodzivirira polarization uye kushatisa nzvimbo ye electrode.

2. Kuyera kwazvino:Iyo magetsi conductivity mita inoyera ukuru hweiyo yazvino (I) inoyerera kuburikidza nemhinduro, uye ichi chiripo chinoenzana nekusangana kweiyo mobile ions.

3. Conductance calculation:Mhedzisiro yemagetsi (G) yemhinduro pakati pemahwendefa maviri inoverengwa uchishandisa fomu yakarongwa yeMutemo weOhm: G = I / V.

4. Conductivity kutsunga:Kuti uwane iyo chaiyo conductivity (κ), iyo yakayerwa conductance (G) inowedzerwa neprobe's cell constant (K): κ = G · K. Sero rinogara riripo (K) ndiro rakagadziriswa geometric factor inotsanangurwa nechekure (d) pakati pe electrode uye nzvimbo yavo inoshanda yepamusoro (A), K = d / A.

Conductivity inonyanya kugadzikana kune tembiricha; kuwedzera kwe1°C kunogona kusimudza kuverenga neanenge 2-3%. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro inofananidzwa pasirese, ese nyanzvi dzeEC metres anoshandisa Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC).

Iyo mita inoreva kuyerwa conductivity kukosha kune yakajairwa tembiricha, kazhinji 25 ° C, uchishandisa yakatsanangurwa tembiricha coefficient, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kukosha kwakataurwa kwakaringana zvisinei nesample tembiricha chaiyo panguva yekuyera.

IV. Chii Chinoyera Magetsi Conductivity Meter?

Nepo iyo EC mita yakakosha kubuda iriElectrical Conductivity, kuverenga uku kunogara kuchishandiswa kuyera kana kufungidzira mamwe akakosha emhando yemvura paramita mumhando dzezvirimwa zveindasitiri:

1. Electrical Conductivity (EC):Iyo yakananga kuyerwa, yakashumwa muµS/cm kana mS/cm.

2. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDSinomiririra huremu hwese hwezvakanyungudutswa organic uye inorganic matter payuniti vhoriyamu yemvura, inowanzo ratidzwa mumg/L kana zvikamu pamiriyoni (ppm). Sezvo EC yakanyatsobatanidzwa ne ionic content (chikamu chikuru cheTDS), EC mita inogona kupa inofungidzirwa TDS kukosha uchishandisa shanduko yekushandura (TDS Factor), inowanzobva ku0.5 kusvika ku0.7.

3. Munyu:Kumvura ine brackish, mvura yegungwa, uye maindasitiri mabrines, EC ndiyo inonyanya gadziriso yemunyu, inova iyo yakazara kuunganidzwa kwemunyu wese wakanyungudutswa mumvura, unowanzo kutaurwa muPSU (Practical Salinity Units) kana zvikamu pachuru.

V. Mhando dzose dzeMagetsi Conductivity Meters

EC metres mumagadzirirwo akasiyana akagadzirwa kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvekurongeka, kufamba, uye kuenderera kwekutarisa, uye hezvinothecommonmhando dze conductivitymamitakutizvinowanzoitika mumhando dzakasiyana dzemaindasitiri:

VI. Maitiro ekugadzirisa sei Magetsi Conductivity Meter?

Kugaro gadzirisa kunosungirwa kuchengetedza huchokwadi uye kuvimbika kwechero EC kuyerwa system. Calibration inomisikidza mhinduro yemamita kune dzinozivikanwa kukosha, kuongorora sero risingaperi (K).

Standard Calibration Procedure:

1. Standard Sarudzo:Sarudza yakasimbiswaconductivity standard solution(semuenzaniso, potassium chloride (KCl) mhinduro dzine ukoshi hunozivikanwa se 1413 µS/cm kana 12.88 mS/cm) inoisa mabhuraketi yako yaunotarisirwa sampuli renji.

2. Kugadzirira Kuongorora:Sukurudza electrode zvakakwana nemvura yakasvibiswa (DI) uyezve nediki shoma yemhinduro yakajairwa kugadzirisa pamusoro. Blot dry with lint-free paper; usapukuta nehasha.

3. Kuyera:Nyura probe zvachose mumhinduro yakajairwa, kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana mabhuru emhepo anobatwa pedyo nenzvimbo ye electrode. Bvumira tembiricha kuti igadzikane.

4. Kugadzirisa:Tanga kuita chiyero chemita. Chishandiso chinozoverenga otomatiki kukosha kwakagadzikana uye nemukati kugadzirisa ma paramita ayo (kana kukurudzira mushandisi kuisa iyo inozivikanwa chiyero kukosha).

5. Verification:Kuti uite basa repamusoro-soro, simbisa iyo calibration uchishandisa yechipiri, yakasiyana chiyero mhinduro.

VII. Zvakawanda Zvishandiso zveMagetsi Conductivity Meter

Iko kushandiswa kweEC kuyerwa kwakapararira uye kwakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana:

1. Kuchenesa Mvura:Kutarisa kushanda kweReverse Osmosis (RO) uye deionization systems. Iko conductivity ye-ultra-pure water ndiyo chiyero chakananga chehutano hwayo (pasi µS / cm inoratidza kuchena kwepamusoro).

2. Sayenzi Yezvakatipoteredza:Kuongorora hutano hwese uye munyu wemvura yakasikwa (nzizi, madziva, mvura yepasi), inowanzo shandiswa sechiratidzo chekusvibiswa kunogona kuitika kana zvicherwa zvinoyerera.

3. Kurima neHorticulture:KudzoraNutrient solution concentrationmune hydroponics uye fertigation. Utano hwemiti hunobatanidzwa zvakananga kune EC level yemvura yekudyisa.

4. Industrial Process Control:Kudzora mafambiro ekuputika mushongwe dzekutonhodza uye maboilers kudzivirira chiyero uye ngura nekuchengetedza kusangana kwezvakanyungudutswa zvakanyungudutswa mukati memiganho inogamuchirwa.

5. Zvokudya uye Zvinwiwa:Kudzora kwehutano, hunoshandiswa kuyera kusangana kwezvinwiwa (semuenzaniso, munyu mune brine solutions kana acid concentration muzvinwiwa).

VIII. Ndeupi Musiyano Uripo Pakati peMagetsi Conductivity Meter uye pH Meter?

Nepo ese ari maviri akakosha maturusi ekuongorora mvura, iyo EC mita uyethepH mitameasurehunhu hwakasiyana hwemhinduro:

Mukuongorora kwakadzama kwemvura, ese ma paramita anodiwa. Semuyenzaniso, nepo high conductivity ichikuudza kuti kune akawanda maion aripo, iyo pH inokuudza kana iwo ayoni ari kunyanya kukonzera acidity kana alkalinity.