Musika uyu unopa dzakasiyana siyana dze conductivity metres, kubva kune yakaomesesa marabhoritari zviridzwa kusvika kune zviri nyore maturusi emunda uye chaiyo-nguva maitiro ekutarisa michina. Mhando yega yega inogadzirwa kuti izadzise mabasa akasiyana. Iri gwara rinokutora iwe parwendo rwakakwana kuburikidza nemisimboti yekugadzira, yakakosha mabhenefiti, yakakosha tekinoroji nuances, uye yakasarudzika mashandisirwo emhando dzakasiyana dzemamita ekuitisa, ichipa yakadzama sosi yekusarudza nekushandisa conductivity yekuyera michina zvinobudirira.

Zviri Mukati:

1. Izvo Zvikamu Zvikamu zveConductivity Meters

2. The Operational Principle of Conductivity Meters

3. Mhando dzose dzeConductivity Meters

4. Zvinhu Zvokufunga nezvazvo Paunenge Uchisarudza Conductivity Meter

5. Nzira yeCalibrate A Conductivity Meter?

6. FAQs

I. Izvo Zvikamu Zvikuru zveConductivity Meters

Tisati tanyura mune chaiyo conductivity kuyerwa mhando, ngationgororei zvakakosha zveese conductivity metres, izvo zvinozoita kuti conductivity kusarudzwa kwemamita kuve nyore:

1. Conductivity Sensor (Probe/Electrode)

Ichi chikamu chinopindirana zvakananga nemhinduro iri pasi pekuyedzwa, inonzwa shanduko mukufambiswa kwemagetsi kana kuramba pakati pema electrode ayo kuyera iyo ion concentration.

2. Meter Unit

Ichi chikamu chemagetsi chine basa rekugadzira iyo chaiyo alternating ikozvino (AC) voltage, kugadzirisa chiratidzo kubva kune sensor, uye kushandura kuyerwa kwembishi kuita inoverengeka conductivity kukosha.

3. Tembiricha Sensor

Conductivity inonzwa zvakanyanya kune kusiyana kwekushisa. Yakabatanidzwa mukati me probe,thetembiricha sensornokusingaperiinocherekedza tembiricha yemhinduro uye inoshandisa muripo unodiwa wetembiricha, ichiva nechokwadi chekururama uye kuenzaniswa kwezviyero zvabuda.

II. The Operational Principle of Conductivity Meters

The function theory of conductivity meter inotsamira pane chaiyo yemagetsi uye electrochemical process inoyera kugona kwemhinduro kutakura magetsi emagetsi.

Danho 1: Gadzira ikozvino

Iyo conductivity mudziyo unotanga kuyerwa uku nekushandisa yakagadzikana alternating ikozvino (AC) voltage pama electrode e sensor (kana probe).

Kana iyo sensor inonyudzwa mune mhinduro, yakanyungudika ions (cations uye anions) yakasununguka kufamba. Pasi pesimba remunda wemagetsi wakagadzirwa ne AC voltage, maion aya anotama akananga kune maelectrodes anochajiswa, achigadzira magetsi anoyerera nemumhinduro.

Kushandiswa kwe AC voltage kwakakosha nekuti kunodzivirira electrode polarization uye kudzikisira, izvo zvingazotungamira mukuverengera kusiri iko nekufamba kwenguva.

Danho 2: Verenga conductance

Meta unit inobva yayera ukuru hweiyi ikozvino (I) inoyerera nemumhinduro. Kushandisa fomu yakarongwa patsva yeMutemo waOm(G = I / V), uko V ndiyo voltage inoshandiswa, mita inoverengera mhinduro yemagetsi conductance (G), iyo inoreva chiyero chekuyerera kuri nyore pakati pema electrode mukati mehuwandu hwemvura.

Danho rechitatu: Sarudza chaiyo conductivity

Kuti uwane iyo chaiyo conductivity (κ), intrinsic pfuma yakazvimirira pane probe's geometry, yakayerwa conductance (G) inofanirwa kuve yakajairika.

Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekuwanza conductance neprobe's fixed cell constant (K), iyo inongove geometric factor inotsanangurwa nedaro riri pakati pema electrode nenzvimbo yawo inoshanda.

Iyo yekupedzisira, chaiyo conductivity saka inoverengerwa uchishandisa hukama: κ = G·K.

III. Mhando dzese dzeConductivity Meter

Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandisa uye inodiwa chaiyo, conductivity metres inogona kukamurwa zvakanyanya. Iyi positi inovaunganidza vese uye inofamba iwe mavari mumwe nemumwe kuti unzwisise zvakadzama.

1. Inotakurika Conductivity Meters

Portable conductivitymamita arihunyanzvi hwekuongorora zviridzwa zvakagadzirirwa hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, pa-saiti diagnostics. Yavo yakakosha dhizaini uzivi inoisa pamberi yakakosha trifecta: kureruka kuvakwa, kusimba kwakasimba, uye kwakasarudzika kutakura.

Iyi ficha inovimbisa kuti murabhoritari-giredhi yekuyera kurongeka kunounzwa zvakananga pamuenzaniso mhinduro sosi, iyo inodzikisira kunonoka kwemaitiro uye inowedzera kushanduka kwekushanda.

Iwo anotakurika conductivity maturusi akavakirwa chaizvo kudiwa basa remumunda. Kuti uwane kushanda kwakasimba pasi pemamiriro ekunze uye maindasitiri akashata, anoratidza simba rinoshandiswa nebhatiri uye akagadzirwa zvine hungwaru neguruva-proof uye magadzirirwo emvura (anowanzo kutsanangurwa neIP rating).

Iwo mamita anowedzera mashandiro ekushanda mumunda nekupa nguva dzekupindura nekukurumidza kune mhedzisiro, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwedata regging kugona. Musanganiswa uyu unovaita sarudzo chaiyo yenekukurumidzamvuraqualitykuongorora mhirikure kure geographical nzvimbo uye yakawedzera maindasitiri ekugadzira pasi.

Yakakura Zvishandiso zvePortable Conductivity Meter

Iko kuchinjika uye kusimba kweiyo inotakurika conductivity metres inoita kuti ive yakakosha kune akati wandei maindasitiri akakosha:

1. Kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza:Iwo anotakurika EC metres maturusi akakosha ekuongorora kunaka kwemvura, kuita ongororo yenzizi, madziva, uye pasi pemvura, uye kuona kunobva kusvibisa.

2. Kurima nemhuka:Aya mamita akareruka anoshandiswa kutarisa mvura yekudiridza, hydroponic zvinovaka muviri zvigadziriso, uye hove dziva remvura mhando kuchengetedza yakakwana salinity uye kudya kunovaka.

3. Maindasitiri pa-saiti cheki:Iwo mamita anopawo kukurumidza, kwekutanga kuyedzwa kwemvura yemaitiro, senge inotonhorera shongwe mvura, boiler mvura, uye maindasitiri anorasa tsvina.

4. Dzidzo nekutsvaga basa remumunda:Iko kurerukira uye kureruka kwekushandisa maficha kunoita kuti inotakurika mita ive yakakwana pakudzidzisa kwekunze uye ekutanga bvunzo dzemunda, ichipa maoko-pakuunganidza data kuvadzidzi nevatsvagiri.

Uku kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kweprobe kunovimbisa kuti mita inopa kuchinjika munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzezvakatipoteredza, ichivhara zvese kubva kumvura yakachena kuenda kune mamwe saline mhinduro.

2. Bhenji-pamusoro Conductivity Meters

Thebenchtop conductivity mitachiridzwa chepamusoro-soro che electrochemistry chiridzwa chakanangana nekutsvagisa kwakasimba uye inoda Hunhu Kudzora (QC) nharaunda, ichivimbisa huchokwadi husina kukanganiswa uye kugadzikana kwekushanda kwe data yakakosha yekuongorora. Inoratidzwa neakawanda-inoshanda uye akasimba dhizaini, inopa yakakura kuyera kugona kwakasiyana siyana, kubva 0 µS/cm kusvika 100 mS/cm.

Iyo benchtop conductivity mita inomiririra iyo yepamusoro ye electrochemistry chiridzwa chekuda kutsvagisa uye kwakaomarara Kudzora Kwemhando (QC) nharaunda. Nepamusoro-soro, yakawanda-inoshanda, uye yakasimba mabasa, iyi bhenji-yepamusoro mita inotarirwa pakuunza kusingakanganisi kururamisa uye kugadzikana, izvo zvinovimbisa kuvimbika kwe data yakakosha yekuongorora.

Yakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kushanda kwerabhoritari uye kuona kuvimbika kwedata, iyi mita inoita kuti zvikwanise kuyerwa panguva imwe chete yepakati paramita seEC,TDS, uye Salinity, iyo inosanganisirawo kugona kuita sarudzoyepH,ORP, uye ISE, pahwaro hwekufamba kwayo kuri kugadziridzwa kuburikidza nemulti-parameterkuyerakubatanidzwa.

Ichi chakashata chishandiso chinoshanda seyese-mu-imwe yekuyedza mhinduro, inowedzera murabhoritari kubuda. Zvakare, manejimendi epamberi data (kuchengetedza chengetedzo, kutumira kunze kwenyika, kudhinda) inovimbisa kutevedza kwakazara neGLP/GMP zviyero, ichipa inoteedzera uye inoteedzera data data inoderedza njodzi yekutonga.

Chekupedzisira, kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kweakasiyana emhando dzeprobe uye chaiyo K-tsika (sero zvinoramba), iyo yakakwana mashandiro pane akasiyana emuenzaniso matrices anovimbiswa, kubva kumvura yakanyanyisa kusvika kune yakakwirira-concentration mhinduro.

Yakakura Mashandisirwo eBench-yepamusoro Conductivity Meters

Iyi yepamusoro-yekuita bhenji-yepamusoro sisitimu yakakosha kumasangano anoda akajeka, ane chivimbo chekuongorora mhinduro:

1. Pharmaceutical & Food/Beverage QC:Iyo bhenji-yepamusoro mita yakakosha pakuomesesa kwemhando yekudzora (QC) yezvese zviri zviviri zvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira, uko kuteedzera kwemutemo kusingagone kutaurirana.

2. Tsvagiridzo neKuvandudza Sainzi:Iyo inopa iyo yakanyanya kurongeka inodiwa pakusimbisa zvinhu zvitsva, kemikari synthesis yekutarisa, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa.

3. Kutarisira mvura kwemaindasitiri:Iyo bhenji-yepamusoro mita yakakosha pakuongororwa kwemhando yemvura chaiyo pamvura zhinji (UPW) masisitimu, zvivakwa zvemvura yekunwa, uye kurapwa kwemvura yetsvina mumaindasitiri, kubatsira zvivakwa kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka uye zviyero zvezvakatipoteredza.

4. Makemikari marabhoritari:Inoshandiswa kumabasa ekutanga senge gadziriro yemhinduro chaiyo, chimiro chemakemikari, uye yakakwirira-chaiyo titration endpoint kutsunga, iyo mita inoumba dombo rekurongeka kwerabhoritari.

3. Industrial Online Conductivity Meters

Yakagadzirirwa chaizvo otomatiki maitiro nharaunda, akateedzana eindasitiri online conductivity metres anosanganisira dhizaini uzivi pane inoenderera, chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa, kuvimbika kwepamusoro, uye musono kubatanidzwa mune iripo kutonga zvivakwa.

Zvishandiso izvi zvakakasharara, zvakatsaurirwa zvinotsiva sampling yemanyorero ne24/7 isina kuvhiringidzwa data hova, ichiita seyakakosha sensor node yekugadzirisa, kutonga, uye kuchengetedza inodhura michina. Izvo zvakakosha kune chero mashandiro apo kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kwemhando yemvura kana kugadziriswa kwemhinduro kwakakosha kuchengetedza kunaka kwechigadzirwa, kunyatsoita, uye kutevedza kwemitemo.

Aya maindasitiri conductivity metres anopa yakavimbiswa-chaiyo-nguva dhizaini kudzora kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwekutumira data kwekuona nekukasira. Ivo vane dhizaini, yakaderera-yekugadzirisa dhizaini, kazhinji vachishandisa advanced inductive sensors, kuti ishandiswe muhasha midhiya, uku ichiva nechokwadi chechokwadi mumashandisirwo akakosha semvura yeultrapure. Kubatanidzwa kwayo kusina musono muPLC/DCS masisitimu kunowanikwa kuburikidza neyakajairwa 4-20mA uye dijitari protocol.

Zvakawanda Zvishandiso zveInternet Industrial Conductivity Meters

Iko kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kweaya epamhepo kana maindasitiri EC metres anokwidziridzwa mukati meakakwira-stakes maindasitiri maitiro:

1. Industrial Water Treatment & Management:Iwo epamhepo maindasitiri metres anoshandiswa kunyatso tarisisa kugona kweReverse Osmosis (RO) zvikamu, ion shanduko masisitimu, uye EDI module. Izvo zvakakoshawo pakuenderera mberi kwekutarisa mubhailer mvura uye inotonhorera shongwe, optimize kutenderera kwekutarisa uye kushandiswa kwemakemikari.

2. Kugadzirwa Kwemakemikari & Kudzora Maitiro:Mamita ari ekwakakosha pa online kutarisisa kweasidhi/ base kutariswa, kuita kufambira mberi kwekutevera, uye kucheneswa kwechigadzirwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kuumbwa kwemakemikari uye kugadzira goho.

3. High-Purity Manufacturing:Inosungirwa kuchengetedza michina uye kushanda zvakanaka kwechigadzirwa, izvi zviridzwa zvepamhepo zvakaiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekugadzira mishonga uye magetsi kuitira kuomarara, kuongororwa kwepamhepo kwekugadzirwa kwemvura yakakwira, condensate, uye mhando yemvura yekudya, kuve nechokwadi chekudzora kusvibiswa.

4. Chikafu uye Chinwiwa Hutsanana:Inoshandiswa pamhepo kutonga kweCIP (Yakachena-mu-Nzvimbo) mhinduro yekumisikidza uye chaiyoiyo chigadzirwa musanganiswa reshiyo, iyo online conductivity metres inosangana nemiyero yehutsanana zvakakwana uku ichidzikisa tsvina yemvura nemakemikari.

4. Pocket Conductivity Testers (Peni-maitiro)

Aya mapen-style conductivity testers akagadzirwa kuti ape kurerukirwa kusingaenzaniswi uye kukosha kwakasiyana kweyezve yemhando yemvura, zvichiita kuti simba rekuongorora riwanikwe zvakanyanya. Chikumbiro chakakosha chiri mukutakurika kwavo kwakanyanyisa: iyo yekupedzisira-compact, peni-saizi dhizaini inobvumira kuyera kwechokwadi kwekuenda, kubvisa kuomarara kwemaitiro ekuseta marabhoritari.

Yakagadzirirwa ese mazinga evashandisi, aya mamita anosimbisa plug-uye-kutamba zviri nyore. Kushanda kunowanzo sanganisira mabhatani mashoma, kuve nechokwadi chekuwanikwa kwemushandisi zvakanyanya uye nekupa nekukurumidza, zvinogoneka kuona pasina kudiwa kwehunyanzvi kudzidziswa. Kureruka kwekushandisa uku kunotsigira vashandisi vanoda kukurumidza, kunoratidza kuyerwa kwemhinduro kuchena uye kuisa pfungwa pane kukwira-chaiyo, yakaongororwa data.

Uyezve, zvishandiso izvi zvinodhura zvakanyanya. Vakaiswa pamutengo wakaderera pane zviridzwa zvebhenji, vanoita kuti kuongororwa kwemvura kwakavimbika kuve kunokwanisika kune vanhu vanoziva bhajeti uye veruzhinji. Chinhu chakakosha chinoshanda kugona kupa kukurumidza TDS fungidziro padivi pekutanga EC kuverenga. Kunyange zvichibva pane yakajairwa shanduko chinhu, chimiro ichi chinopa pfupiso yehuwandu hwemhando yemvura, kuzadzisa zvidikanwi zvevashandisi kutsvaga nyore, yakavimbika mvura inoedza.

Zvakawanda Zvishandiso zvePeni EC Meter

Iyo yekupedzisira-compact pen-style conductivity tester inonyatsokodzera kumakamuri madiki-marabhoritari, mashandiro akasimba ekukura, uye kushandiswa kwemunda uko kushanda kwenzvimbo kwakakosha.

1. Mutengi uye Kushandisa Mvura Yepamba:Yakanakira kuyedza kuchena kwemvura yekunwa, hutano hwemvura ye aquarium, kana mhando yemvura yekushambira. Ichi ndicho chinangwa chekutanga chevaridzi vemba uye hobbyists.

2. Diki-Chikero Hydroponics neGadheni:Inoshandiswa kwekutanga cheki yezvikafu zvinogadziriswa, zvichipa varimi veamateur uye vadiki-diki data rakakosha kubata hutano hwechirimwa pasina hunyanzvi michina.

3. Zvirongwa zveDzidzo neKuparidzira:Kureruka kwavo uye mutengo wakaderera unovaita maturusi ekudzidzisa akakwana ekubatsira vadzidzi uye veruzhinji kunzwisisa pfungwa yekufambisa uye hukama hwayo nemvura yakanyungudika yakaoma.

IV. Zvinhu Zvokufunga nezvazvo Pakusarudza Conductivity Meter

Paunosarudza mita ye conductivity, sarudzo inofanira kuenda nezvinodiwa zvezvikumbiro zvemigumisiro yakavimbika uye kushanda kwakanaka. Pazasi pane zvakakosha zvinhu zvaunofanira kufunga nezvazvo panguva yekusarudzwa kwemamita eEC:

Chinhu 1: Chiyero Chiyero uye Kururama

Chiyero chekuyera uye kurongeka ndizvo zvekutanga, zvakakosha kufunga. Iwe unofanirwa kusimbisa kuti chiridzwa chekushanda miganhu yakakodzera kune conductivity tsika dzemhinduro dzako dzakanangwa.

Panguva imwe chete, ongorora kururamisa kunodiwa uye kurongeka; Mamiriro ehunyanzvi emamita anofanirwa kuenderana nedanho rinodiwa reruzivo rwemhando yako yemhando kana zvinangwa zvekutsvagisa.

Chinhu 2: Zvinhu Zvakatipoteredza

Kupfuura core yekuyera kugona, zvakatipoteredza zvinoda kutariswa. Muripo wetembiricha chinhu chakakosha kana mhinduro kana ambient mamiriro achichinja-chinja, sezvo ichigadzirisa kuverenga kune yakajairwa tembiricha yekushisa, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana.

Uyezve, kusarudzwa kweprobe chaiyo hakugone kutaurirana. Zvakadaro, mhando dzakasiyana dzeprobe dzakagadziridzwa kune akasiyana maapplication uye midhiya. Kungosarudza probe inoenderana nekemikari nechinangwa chakaedzwa uye inokodzera nharaunda yakaedzwa.

Chinhu 3: Kushanda Kushanda uye Kubatanidza Data

Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, kushanda zvakanaka uye kubatanidzwa kwedata kunofanirwa kutariswa. Iyo Mushandisi Interface inofanirwa kusanganisira intuitive kudzora uye kuratidzwa kwakajeka kudzikisa nguva yekudzidziswa uye zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika.

Zvadaro, ongorora zvinodiwa zvekubatanidza. Sarudza kana iwe uchida kudhirowa kwedata, kutaurirana kwechishandiso chekunze, kana kusanganisa isina musono neLabhoritari Information Management Systems (LIMS) yekuzivisa uye kutevedzera.

V. Maitiro ekugadzirisa A Conductivity Meter?

Calibrating a conductivity mita kwakakosha pakuyera chaiko. Iyo nzira inoshandisa yakajairwa mhinduro yeinozivikanwa conductivity kugadzirisa mita yemukati sero nguva dzose, iyoinosanganisira matanho makuru mashanu: kugadzirira, kuchenesa, kuenzana kwetembiricha, kuenzanisa, uye kuongorora.

1. Kugadzirira

Danho 1:Sarudza mutsva conductivitystandard solutionpadyo neyakajairwa sampuli renji (semuenzaniso, 1413 µS/cm), yakadirwa kana yakasvibiswa mvura yekusukurudza, uye mabheki akachena.

Ziva kuti usashandise zvakare macalibration mhinduro sezvo ari nyore kusvibiswa uye asina buffering.

2. Kuchenesa uye Kusuka

Danho 1:Nyatsogeza conductivity probe nemvura yakasvibiswa kana yakasvibiswa kuti ubvise chero sampuli yakasara.

Danho rechipiri:Geda zvinyoro nyoro pakaoma nejira rakapfava, risina lint kana tishu. Zvakare, dzivisa kubata ma electrode neminwe sezvo probe inogona kuve yakasvibiswa.

3. Temperature Equilibration

Danho 1: Dururira chiyero mumudziyo wakanangwa.

Danho rechipiri:Nyura zvakazara iyo conductivity probe mune yakajairwa mhinduro. Ita shuwa kuti maelectrodes akavharwa zvachose uye kuti hapana mabhuru emhepo anovharirwa pakati pawo (bata zvinyoro nyoro kana kutenderedza probe kuburitsa chero mabubbles).

Danho rechitatu:Bvumira probe uye mhinduro kugara kwemaminetsi 5-10 kuti isvike kuenzana kwekupisa. Conductivity inotsamira zvakanyanya pane tembiricha, saka danho iri rakakosha pakurongeka.

4. Calibration

Danho 1:Tanga iyo calibration mode pamita, iyo inowanzobatanidza kudzvanya uye kubata bhatani re "CAL" kana "Function" zvichienderana nebhuku remamita.

Danho rechipiri:Pameta yemanyorero, gadzirisa kukosha kwemamita yakaratidzwa uchishandisa mabhatani emiseve kana potentiometer kuti ienderane neukoshi hwemafambisirwo anozivikanwa emushonga wakajairwa patembiricha iripo.

Kumamita otomatiki, ingosimbisa kukosha kwechiyero, bvumira mita kuti igadzirise, uye wozochengetedza sero nyowani nguva dzose.

5. Verification

Danho 1:Shambai probe zvakare nemvura yakasvibiswa. Wobva wayera chikamu chitsva chechiyero chakafanana chekuyeresa kana chakasiyana, chechipiri mwero kana uchiita ma-multi-point calibration.

Danho rechipiri:Kuverenga kwemamita kunofanirwa kunge kuri padhuze nechiyero chinozivikanwa kukosha, kazhinji mukati ± 1% kusvika ± 2%. Kana kuverenga kuri kupfuura chiyero chinogamuchirika, chenesa probe zvakanyanya uye dzokorora maitiro ese ekugadzirisa.

FAQs

Q1. Chii chinonzi conductivity?

Conductivity zvinoreva kugona kwechinhu kuitisa magetsi. Icho chiyero chehuwandu hweiyoni iripo mune mhinduro.

Q2. Ndezvipi zvikamu zvinoshandiswa kuyera conductivity?

Conductivity inowanzoyerwa mu Siemens pamamita (S/m) kana microsiemens pa centimita (μS/cm).

Q3. Ko meter conductivity kuyera kuchena kwemvura here?

Ehe, conductivity metres anowanzo shandiswa kuongorora kuchena kwemvura. Higher conductivity values ​​inogona kuratidza kuvapo kwetsvina kana ions yakanyungudika.

Q4. Ko conductivity metres akakodzera kuyerwa kwepamusoro-tembiricha?

Ehe, mamwe ma conductivity metres akagadzirirwa kumira tembiricha yakakwira uye anogona kunyatso kuyera conductivity mune zvinopisa mhinduro.

Q5. Kangani pandinofanira kuenzanisa mita yangu conductivity?

Iyo calibration frequency inoenderana neiyo mita uye mashandisiro ayo. Inokurudzirwa kutevera mazano emugadziri wekugadzirisa nguva.